Bootstrap Estimates for lm Outputs — lm2boot

Generate bootstrap estimates for models in a list of 'lm' outputs.

Usage

lm2boot_out(outputs, R = 100, seed = NULL, progress = TRUE)

lm2boot_out_parallel(
  outputs,
  R = 100,
  seed = NULL,
  parallel = FALSE,
  ncores = max(parallel::detectCores(logical = FALSE) - 1, 1),
  make_cluster_args = list(),
  progress = TRUE
)

Arguments

outputs: A list of lm class objects, or the output of lm2list() (i.e., an lm_list-class object).
R: The number of bootstrap samples. Default is 100.
seed: The seed for the random resampling. Default is NULL.
progress: Logical. Display progress or not. Default is TRUE.
parallel: Logical. Whether parallel processing will be used. Default is NULL.
ncores: Integer. The number of CPU cores to use when parallel is TRUE. Default is the number of non-logical cores minus one (one minimum). Will raise an error if greater than the number of cores detected by parallel::detectCores(). If ncores is set, it will override make_cluster_args.
make_cluster_args: A named list of additional arguments to be passed to parallel::makeCluster(). For advanced users. See parallel::makeCluster() for details. Default is list().

Value

A boot_out-class object that can be used for the boot_out argument of indirect_effect(), cond_indirect_effects(), and related functions for forming bootstrapping confidence intervals. The object is a list with the number of elements equal to the number of bootstrap samples. Each element is a list of the parameter estimates and sample variances and covariances of the variables in each bootstrap sample.

Details

This function is for advanced users. do_boot() is a function users should try first because do_boot() has a general interface for input-specific functions like this one.

It does nonparametric bootstrapping to generate bootstrap estimates of the regression coefficients in the regression models of a list of lm() outputs, or an lm_list-class object created by lm2list(). The stored estimates can be used by indirect_effect(), cond_indirect_effects(), and related functions in forming bootstrapping confidence intervals for effects such as indirect effect and conditional indirect effects.

This approach removes the need to repeat bootstrapping in each call to indirect_effect(), cond_indirect_effects(), and related functions. It also ensures that the same set of bootstrap samples is used in all subsequent analyses.

Functions

lm2boot_out(): Generate bootstrap estimates using one process (serial, without parallelization).
lm2boot_out_parallel(): Generate bootstrap estimates using parallel processing.

Examples


data(data_med_mod_ab1)
dat <- data_med_mod_ab1
lm_m <- lm(m ~ x*w + c1 + c2, dat)
lm_y <- lm(y ~ m*w + x + c1 + c2, dat)
lm_out <- lm2list(lm_m, lm_y)
# In real research, R should be 2000 or even 5000
# In real research, no need to set progress to FALSE
# Progress is displayed by default.
lm_boot_out <- lm2boot_out(lm_out, R = 100, seed = 1234,
                           progress = FALSE)
out <- cond_indirect_effects(wlevels = "w",
                             x = "x",
                             y = "y",
                             m = "m",
                             fit = lm_out,
                             boot_ci = TRUE,
                             boot_out = lm_boot_out)
out
#> 
#> == Conditional indirect effects ==
#> 
#>  Path: x -> m -> y
#>  Conditional on moderator(s): w
#>  Moderator(s) represented by: w
#> 
#>       [w]   (w)    ind  CI.lo CI.hi Sig    m~x   y~m
#> 1 M+1.0SD 6.046  0.248  0.030 0.458 Sig  0.342 0.725
#> 2 Mean    4.990  0.024 -0.079 0.171      0.063 0.375
#> 3 M-1.0SD 3.934 -0.006 -0.087 0.098     -0.216 0.026
#> 
#>  - [CI.lo to CI.hi] are 95.0% percentile confidence intervals by
#>    nonparametric bootstrapping with 100 samples.
#>  - The 'ind' column shows the conditional indirect effects.
#>  - ‘m~x’,‘y~m’ is/are the path coefficient(s) along the path conditional
#>    on the moderator(s).
#>