Plot the moderation effect in a regression model

plotmod(
output,
x,
w,
x_label,
w_label,
y_label,
title,
digits = 3,
x_from_mean_in_sd = 1,
w_from_mean_in_sd = 1,
w_method = c("sd", "percentile"),
w_percentiles = c(0.16, 0.84),
x_method = c("sd", "percentile"),
x_percentiles = c(0.16, 0.84),
w_sd_to_percentiles = NA,
x_sd_to_percentiles = NA,
note_standardized = TRUE,
no_title = FALSE,
line_width = 1,
point_size = 5,
graph_type = c("default", "tumble")
)

## Arguments

output

The output of stats::lm(), std_selected(), or std_selected_boot().

x

The name of the focal variable (x-axis) in output. It can be the name of the variable, with or without quotes. Currently only numeric variables are supported.

w

The name of the moderator in output. It can be the name of the variable, with or without quotes.

x_label

The label for the X-axis. Default is the value of x.

w_label

The label for the legend for the lines. Default is the value ofw.

y_label

The label for the Y-axis. Default is the name of the response variable in the model.

title

The title of the graph. If not supplied, it will be generated from the variable names or labels (in x_label, y_label, and w_label). If "", no title will be printed. This can be used when the plot is for manuscript submission and figures are required to have no titles.

digits

Number of decimal places to print. Default is 3.

x_from_mean_in_sd

How many SD from mean is used to define "low" and "high" for the focal variable. Default is 1.

w_from_mean_in_sd

How many SD from mean is used to define "low" and "high" for the moderator. Default is 1. Ignored if w is categorical.

w_method

How to define "high" and "low" for the moderator levels. Default is in terms of the standard deviation of the moderator, "sd". If equal to "percentile", then the percentiles of the moderator in the dataset are used. Ignored if w is categorical.

w_percentiles

If w_method is "percentile", then this argument specifies the two percentiles to be used, divided by 100. It must be a vector of two numbers. The default is c(.16, .84), the 16th and 84th percentiles, which corresponds approximately to one SD below and above mean for a normal distribution, respectively. Ignored if w is categorical.

x_method

How to define "high" and "low" for the focal variable levels. Default is in terms of the standard deviation of the focal variable, "sd". If equal to "percentile", then the percentiles of the focal variable in the dataset is used.

x_percentiles

If x_method is "percentile", then this argument specifies the two percentiles to be used, divided by 100. It must be a vector of two numbers. The default is c(.16, .84), the 16th and 84th percentiles, which corresponds approximately to one SD below and above mean for a normal distribution, respectively.

w_sd_to_percentiles

If w_method is "percentile" and this argument is set to a number, this number will be used to determine the percentiles to be used. The lower percentile is the percentile in a normal distribution that is w_sd_to_percentiles SD below the mean. The upper percentile is the percentile in a normal distribution that is w_sd_to_percentiles SD above the mean. Therefore, if w_sd_to_percentiles is set to 1, then the lower and upper percentiles are 16th and 84th, respectively. Default is NA.

x_sd_to_percentiles

If x_method is "percentile" and this argument is set to a number, this number will be used to determine the percentiles to be used. The lower percentile is the percentile in a normal distribution that is x_sd_to_percentiles SD below the mean. The upper percentile is the percentile in a normal distribution that is x_sd_to_percentiles SD above the mean. Therefore, if x_sd_to_percentiles is set to 1, then the lower and upper percentiles are 16th and 84th, respectively. Default is NA.

note_standardized

If TRUE, will check whether a variable has SD nearly equal to one. If yes, will report this in the plot. Default is TRUE.

no_title

If TRUE, title will be suppressed. Default is FALSE.

line_width

The width of the lines as used in ggplot2::geom_segment(). Default is 1.

point_size

The size of the points as used in ggplot2::geom_point(). Default is 5.

graph_type

If "default", the typical line-graph with equal end-points will be plotted. If "tubmle", then the tumble graph proposed by Bodner (2016) will be plotted. Default is "default".

## Value

A ggplot2 graph. Plotted if not assigned to a name. It can be further modified like a usual ggplot2 graph.

## Details

This function generate a basic ggplot2 graph typically found in psychology manuscripts. It tries to check whether one or more variables are standardized, and report this in the plot if required.

This function only has features for typical plots of moderation effects. It is not intended to be a flexible tool for a fine control on the plots.

## References

Bodner, T. E. (2016). Tumble graphs: Avoiding misleading end point extrapolation when graphing interactions from a moderated multiple regression analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 41(6), 593-604. doi:10.3102/1076998616657080

## Author

Shu Fai Cheung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9871-9448

## Examples


# Do a moderated regression by lm
lm_out <- lm(sleep_duration ~ age + gender + emotional_stability*conscientiousness, sleep_emo_con)
plotmod(lm_out,
x = emotional_stability,
w = conscientiousness,
x_label = "Emotional Stability",
w_label = "Conscientiousness",
y_label = "Sleep Duration")

# Standardize all variables except for categorical variables
lm_std <- std_selected(lm_out,
to_scale = ~ .,
to_center = ~ .)
plotmod(lm_std,
x = emotional_stability,
w = conscientiousness,
x_label = "Emotional Stability",
w_label = "Conscientiousness",
y_label = "Sleep Duration")

# Tumble Graph
plotmod(lm_std,
x = emotional_stability,
w = conscientiousness,
x_label = "Emotional Stability",
w_label = "Conscientiousness",
y_label = "Sleep Duration",
graph_type = "tumble")

`