Print the content of an 'influence_stat'-class object.
Usage
# S3 method for influence_stat
print(
x,
digits = 3,
what = c("parameters", "fit_measures", "mahalanobis"),
first = 10,
sort_parameters_by = c("gcd", "est"),
sort_fit_measures_by = NULL,
sort_mahalanobis = TRUE,
sort_fit_measures_decreasing = TRUE,
sort_fit_measures_on_absolute = TRUE,
sort_mahalanobis_decreasing = TRUE,
...
)Arguments
- x
An 'influence_stat'-class object.
- digits
The number of digits after the decimal. Default is 3.
- what
A character vector of the results #' to be printed, can be one or more of the following:
"parameters","fit_measures", and"mahalanobis". Default isc("parameters", "fit_measures", "mahalanobis").- first
Numeric. If not
NULL, it prints only the first k cases, k equal tofirst. Default is 10.- sort_parameters_by
String. If it is
"est", the cases are sorted individually on each columns. If it is"gcd", the default, then cases are sorted by generalized Cook's distance or approximate generalized Cook's distance, depending on which column is available. IfNULL, cases are not sorted.- sort_fit_measures_by
String. Default is
NULLand the output of case influence on fit measures is not sorted. If set to a column names of case influence on fit measures , cases will sorted by these columns. The sorting is done on the absolute values ifsort_fit_measures_on_absoluteisTRUE, and in decreasing order ifdecreasingisTRUE. IfdecreaseisFALSE, the order is increasing. Ifsort_fit_measures_on_absoluteisFALSE, the sorting is done on the raw values.- sort_mahalanobis
Logical. If
TRUE, the default, the cases in the output of Mahalanobis distance will be sorted based on Mahalanobis distance. The order is determined bysort_mahalanobis_decreasing.- sort_fit_measures_decreasing
Logical. Whether cases, if sorted on fit measures, are on decreasing order in the output of case influence on fit measures. Default is
TRUE.- sort_fit_measures_on_absolute
Logical. Whether cases, if sorted on fit measures, are sorted on absolute values of fit measures. Default is
TRUE. Seesort_fit_measures_by.- sort_mahalanobis_decreasing
Logical. Whether cases, if sorted on Mahalanobis distance, is on decreasing order. Default is
TRUE.- ...
Optional arguments. Passed to other print methods, such as
print.est_change(),print.fit_measures_change(), andprint.md_semfindr().
Details
This method will print
the output of influence_stat() in a user-friendly
way. Users can select the set(s) of output,
case influence on parameter estimates,
case influence on fit measures, and
Mahalanobis distance, to be printed.
The corresponding print methods of
est_change-class objects,
fit_measures_change-class objects,
and md_semfindr-class objects will be called.
Examples
library(lavaan)
dat <- pa_dat
# The model
mod <-
"
m1 ~ a1 * iv1 + a2 * iv2
dv ~ b * m1
a1b := a1 * b
a2b := a2 * b
"
# Fit the model
fit <- lavaan::sem(mod, dat)
summary(fit)
#> lavaan 0.6.17 ended normally after 1 iteration
#>
#> Estimator ML
#> Optimization method NLMINB
#> Number of model parameters 5
#>
#> Number of observations 100
#>
#> Model Test User Model:
#>
#> Test statistic 6.711
#> Degrees of freedom 2
#> P-value (Chi-square) 0.035
#>
#> Parameter Estimates:
#>
#> Standard errors Standard
#> Information Expected
#> Information saturated (h1) model Structured
#>
#> Regressions:
#> Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|)
#> m1 ~
#> iv1 (a1) 0.215 0.106 2.036 0.042
#> iv2 (a2) 0.522 0.099 5.253 0.000
#> dv ~
#> m1 (b) 0.517 0.106 4.895 0.000
#>
#> Variances:
#> Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|)
#> .m1 0.903 0.128 7.071 0.000
#> .dv 1.321 0.187 7.071 0.000
#>
#> Defined Parameters:
#> Estimate Std.Err z-value P(>|z|)
#> a1b 0.111 0.059 1.880 0.060
#> a2b 0.270 0.075 3.581 0.000
#>
# --- Leave-One-Out Approach
# Fit the model n times. Each time with one case removed.
# For illustration, do this only for selected cases.
fit_rerun <- lavaan_rerun(fit, parallel = FALSE,
to_rerun = 1:10)
#> The expected CPU time is 0.37 second(s).
#> Could be faster if run in parallel.
# Get all default influence stats
out <- influence_stat(fit_rerun)
out
#>
#> -- Standardized Case Influence on Parameter Estimates --
#>
#> a1 a2 b m1~~m1 dv~~dv gcd
#> 9 -0.048 -0.025 -0.083 -0.033 0.283 0.091
#> 7 -0.119 0.073 0.065 -0.002 -0.040 0.026
#> 8 0.058 0.067 0.028 -0.052 -0.067 0.015
#> 10 -0.055 0.041 -0.077 -0.054 0.038 0.015
#> 5 0.067 0.028 0.033 0.050 -0.066 0.013
#> 3 -0.038 -0.040 -0.030 -0.063 -0.045 0.010
#> 2 0.007 0.003 -0.013 -0.067 -0.058 0.008
#> 6 0.004 0.001 0.010 -0.069 -0.054 0.008
#> 1 0.024 -0.030 0.052 -0.037 0.017 0.006
#> 4 -0.024 -0.003 0.022 -0.051 -0.044 0.006
#>
#> Note:
#> - Changes are standardized raw changes if a case is included.
#> - All stored cases are displayed.
#> - Cases sorted by generalized Cook's distance.
#>
#> -- Case Influence on Fit Measures --
#>
#> chisq cfi rmsea tli
#> 1 0.154 -0.002 0.002 -0.005
#> 2 -0.019 0.001 -0.001 0.003
#> 3 -0.417 0.008 -0.007 0.021
#> 4 -0.154 0.004 -0.003 0.009
#> 5 0.097 0.000 0.001 0.001
#> 6 0.116 -0.001 0.001 -0.003
#> 7 -0.631 0.014 -0.011 0.034
#> 8 0.120 0.002 0.001 0.005
#> 9 0.524 -0.012 0.008 -0.030
#> 10 0.697 -0.013 0.011 -0.033
#>
#> Note:
#> - All stored cases are displayed.
#>
#> -- Mahalanobis Distance --
#>
#> md
#> 9 5.304
#> 7 4.017
#> 3 3.787
#> 10 3.104
#> 8 3.005
#> 5 1.980
#> 1 1.911
#> 4 1.065
#> 2 0.444
#> 6 0.288
#>
#> Note:
#> - All stored cases are displayed.
#> - Cases sorted by Mahalanobis distance in decreasing order.
print(out, first = 4)
#>
#> -- Standardized Case Influence on Parameter Estimates --
#>
#> a1 a2 b m1~~m1 dv~~dv gcd
#> 9 -0.048 -0.025 -0.083 -0.033 0.283 0.091
#> 7 -0.119 0.073 0.065 -0.002 -0.040 0.026
#> 8 0.058 0.067 0.028 -0.052 -0.067 0.015
#> 10 -0.055 0.041 -0.077 -0.054 0.038 0.015
#>
#> Note:
#> - Changes are standardized raw changes if a case is included.
#> - Only the first 4 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#> - Cases sorted by generalized Cook's distance.
#>
#> -- Case Influence on Fit Measures --
#>
#> chisq cfi rmsea tli
#> 1 0.154 -0.002 0.002 -0.005
#> 2 -0.019 0.001 -0.001 0.003
#> 3 -0.417 0.008 -0.007 0.021
#> 4 -0.154 0.004 -0.003 0.009
#>
#> Note:
#> - Only the first 4 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#>
#> -- Mahalanobis Distance --
#>
#> md
#> 9 5.304
#> 7 4.017
#> 3 3.787
#> 10 3.104
#>
#> Note:
#> - Only the first 4 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#> - Cases sorted by Mahalanobis distance in decreasing order.
print(out, what = c("parameters", "fit_measures"))
#>
#> -- Standardized Case Influence on Parameter Estimates --
#>
#> a1 a2 b m1~~m1 dv~~dv gcd
#> 9 -0.048 -0.025 -0.083 -0.033 0.283 0.091
#> 7 -0.119 0.073 0.065 -0.002 -0.040 0.026
#> 8 0.058 0.067 0.028 -0.052 -0.067 0.015
#> 10 -0.055 0.041 -0.077 -0.054 0.038 0.015
#> 5 0.067 0.028 0.033 0.050 -0.066 0.013
#> 3 -0.038 -0.040 -0.030 -0.063 -0.045 0.010
#> 2 0.007 0.003 -0.013 -0.067 -0.058 0.008
#> 6 0.004 0.001 0.010 -0.069 -0.054 0.008
#> 1 0.024 -0.030 0.052 -0.037 0.017 0.006
#> 4 -0.024 -0.003 0.022 -0.051 -0.044 0.006
#>
#> Note:
#> - Changes are standardized raw changes if a case is included.
#> - All stored cases are displayed.
#> - Cases sorted by generalized Cook's distance.
#>
#> -- Case Influence on Fit Measures --
#>
#> chisq cfi rmsea tli
#> 1 0.154 -0.002 0.002 -0.005
#> 2 -0.019 0.001 -0.001 0.003
#> 3 -0.417 0.008 -0.007 0.021
#> 4 -0.154 0.004 -0.003 0.009
#> 5 0.097 0.000 0.001 0.001
#> 6 0.116 -0.001 0.001 -0.003
#> 7 -0.631 0.014 -0.011 0.034
#> 8 0.120 0.002 0.001 0.005
#> 9 0.524 -0.012 0.008 -0.030
#> 10 0.697 -0.013 0.011 -0.033
#>
#> Note:
#> - All stored cases are displayed.
# --- Approximate Approach
out_approx <- influence_stat(fit)
out_approx
#>
#> -- Approximate Standardized Case Influence on Parameter Estimates --
#>
#> m1~iv1 m1~iv2 dv~m1 m1~~m1 dv~~dv gcd_approx
#> 16 0.052 -0.038 -0.228 -0.006 0.572 0.372
#> 43 -0.387 -0.249 -0.135 0.201 0.116 0.270
#> 65 0.150 0.189 0.355 0.071 0.148 0.203
#> 85 -0.170 0.211 -0.118 0.315 -0.054 0.187
#> 51 0.405 -0.052 0.094 0.075 -0.046 0.179
#> 34 -0.306 -0.186 -0.110 0.176 0.028 0.163
#> 32 -0.241 0.190 -0.189 0.181 -0.002 0.161
#> 20 -0.234 0.199 -0.140 0.172 -0.034 0.144
#> 18 -0.269 0.035 0.101 0.246 -0.048 0.143
#> 100 -0.001 -0.221 -0.069 0.290 -0.058 0.137
#>
#> Note:
#> - Changes are approximate standardized raw changes if a case is included.
#> - Only the first 10 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#> - Cases sorted by approximate generalized Cook's distance.
#>
#> -- Approximate Case Influence on Fit Measures --
#>
#> chisq cfi rmsea tli
#> 1 0.160 -0.002 0.002 -0.005
#> 2 -0.019 0.001 -0.001 0.003
#> 3 -0.389 0.008 -0.007 0.019
#> 4 -0.151 0.004 -0.003 0.009
#> 5 0.097 0.000 0.001 0.001
#> 6 0.116 -0.001 0.001 -0.003
#> 7 -0.596 0.013 -0.010 0.032
#> 8 0.119 0.002 0.001 0.005
#> 9 0.543 -0.012 0.008 -0.031
#> 10 0.703 -0.013 0.011 -0.033
#>
#> Note:
#> - Only the first 10 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#>
#> -- Mahalanobis Distance --
#>
#> md
#> 16 11.530
#> 99 11.312
#> 87 11.091
#> 43 10.181
#> 51 9.869
#> 13 8.476
#> 91 8.078
#> 71 7.757
#> 17 7.555
#> 68 7.472
#>
#> Note:
#> - Only the first 10 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#> - Cases sorted by Mahalanobis distance in decreasing order.
print(out, first = 8)
#>
#> -- Standardized Case Influence on Parameter Estimates --
#>
#> a1 a2 b m1~~m1 dv~~dv gcd
#> 9 -0.048 -0.025 -0.083 -0.033 0.283 0.091
#> 7 -0.119 0.073 0.065 -0.002 -0.040 0.026
#> 8 0.058 0.067 0.028 -0.052 -0.067 0.015
#> 10 -0.055 0.041 -0.077 -0.054 0.038 0.015
#> 5 0.067 0.028 0.033 0.050 -0.066 0.013
#> 3 -0.038 -0.040 -0.030 -0.063 -0.045 0.010
#> 2 0.007 0.003 -0.013 -0.067 -0.058 0.008
#> 6 0.004 0.001 0.010 -0.069 -0.054 0.008
#>
#> Note:
#> - Changes are standardized raw changes if a case is included.
#> - Only the first 8 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#> - Cases sorted by generalized Cook's distance.
#>
#> -- Case Influence on Fit Measures --
#>
#> chisq cfi rmsea tli
#> 1 0.154 -0.002 0.002 -0.005
#> 2 -0.019 0.001 -0.001 0.003
#> 3 -0.417 0.008 -0.007 0.021
#> 4 -0.154 0.004 -0.003 0.009
#> 5 0.097 0.000 0.001 0.001
#> 6 0.116 -0.001 0.001 -0.003
#> 7 -0.631 0.014 -0.011 0.034
#> 8 0.120 0.002 0.001 0.005
#>
#> Note:
#> - Only the first 8 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#>
#> -- Mahalanobis Distance --
#>
#> md
#> 9 5.304
#> 7 4.017
#> 3 3.787
#> 10 3.104
#> 8 3.005
#> 5 1.980
#> 1 1.911
#> 4 1.065
#>
#> Note:
#> - Only the first 8 case(s) is/are displayed. Set ‘first’ to NULL to display all cases.
#> - Cases sorted by Mahalanobis distance in decreasing order.
print(out, what = c("parameters", "fit_measures"),
sort_parameters_by = "est")
#>
#> -- Standardized Case Influence on Parameter Estimates --
#>
#> id a1 id a2 id b id m1~~m1 id dv~~dv id gcd
#> 1 7 -0.119 7 0.073 9 -0.083 6 -0.069 9 0.283 9 0.091
#> 2 5 0.067 8 0.067 10 -0.077 2 -0.067 8 -0.067 7 0.026
#> 3 8 0.058 10 0.041 7 0.065 3 -0.063 5 -0.066 8 0.015
#> 4 10 -0.055 3 -0.040 1 0.052 10 -0.054 2 -0.058 10 0.015
#> 5 9 -0.048 1 -0.030 5 0.033 8 -0.052 6 -0.054 5 0.013
#> 6 3 -0.038 5 0.028 3 -0.030 4 -0.051 3 -0.045 3 0.010
#> 7 1 0.024 9 -0.025 8 0.028 5 0.050 4 -0.044 2 0.008
#> 8 4 -0.024 2 0.003 4 0.022 1 -0.037 7 -0.040 6 0.008
#> 9 2 0.007 4 -0.003 2 -0.013 9 -0.033 10 0.038 1 0.006
#> 10 6 0.004 6 0.001 6 0.010 7 -0.002 1 0.017 4 0.006
#>
#> Note:
#> - Changes are standardized raw changes if a case is included.
#> - All stored cases are displayed.
#> - Cases sorted by the absolute values of change or generalized Cook's distance.
#>
#> -- Case Influence on Fit Measures --
#>
#> chisq cfi rmsea tli
#> 1 0.154 -0.002 0.002 -0.005
#> 2 -0.019 0.001 -0.001 0.003
#> 3 -0.417 0.008 -0.007 0.021
#> 4 -0.154 0.004 -0.003 0.009
#> 5 0.097 0.000 0.001 0.001
#> 6 0.116 -0.001 0.001 -0.003
#> 7 -0.631 0.014 -0.011 0.034
#> 8 0.120 0.002 0.001 0.005
#> 9 0.524 -0.012 0.008 -0.030
#> 10 0.697 -0.013 0.011 -0.033
#>
#> Note:
#> - All stored cases are displayed.