Skip to contents

Predict Method for an 'lm_betaselect' Object

Source: R/lm_betaselect_methods.R
predict.lm_betaselect.Rd

Compute the predicted values in a model fitted by lm_betaselect().

Usage

# S3 method for class 'lm_betaselect'
predict(
  object,
  model_type = c("beta", "standardized", "raw", "unstandardized"),
  newdata,
  ...
)

Arguments

object

An lm_betaselect-class object.

model_type

The model from which the the predicted values are computed. For "beta" or "standardized", the model is the one after selected variables standardized. For "raw" or "unstandardized", the model is the one before standardization was done.

newdata

If set to a data frame, the predicted values are computed using this data frame. The data must be unstandardized. That is, the variables are of the same units as in the data frame used in lm_betaselect(). If model_type is "beta" or "standardized", it will be standardized using the setting of to_standardize when object is created in lm_betaselect().

...

Arguments to be passed to stats::predict.lm(). Please refer to the help page of stats::predict.lm().

Value

It returns the output of stats::predict.lm().

Details

It simply passes the model before or after selected variables are standardized to the predict-method of an lm object.

IMPORTANT

Some statistics, such as prediction or confidence interval, which make use of the sampling variances and covariances of coefficient estimates may not be applicable to the models with one or more variables standardized. Therefore, they should only be used for exploratory purpose.

See also

lm_betaselect() and stats::predict.lm()

Author

Shu Fai Cheung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9871-9448

Examples


data(data_test_mod_cat)

lm_beta_x <- lm_betaselect(dv ~ iv*mod + cov1 + cat1,
                           data = data_test_mod_cat,
                           to_standardize = "iv")
predict(lm_beta_x)
#>        1        2        3        4        5        6        7        8 
#> 6421.680 6530.429 6487.252 6107.743 6284.481 5153.358 6662.658 7827.410 
#>        9       10       11       12       13       14       15       16 
#> 7029.198 8156.635 6019.411 5574.344 6180.277 7010.803 4963.590 6059.476 
#>       17       18       19       20       21       22       23       24 
#> 7239.020 6698.976 6764.336 5353.118 7577.253 7719.758 6576.826 8237.401 
#>       25       26       27       28       29       30       31       32 
#> 8200.935 7931.369 6569.994 6882.033 8267.304 7128.476 5959.531 6920.342 
#>       33       34       35       36       37       38       39       40 
#> 5887.038 6007.579 5586.136 6880.800 5452.636 7665.795 6564.230 6089.381 
#>       41       42       43       44       45       46       47       48 
#> 7046.119 5101.476 6404.048 6188.349 6429.859 7628.757 7847.636 6881.857 
#>       49       50       51       52       53       54       55       56 
#> 6592.794 7275.835 6087.745 6132.776 6378.544 6454.268 5449.982 7631.170 
#>       57       58       59       60       61       62       63       64 
#> 6713.771 6819.890 7710.031 6261.576 5468.773 5283.316 6904.287 5694.848 
#>       65       66       67       68       69       70       71       72 
#> 5338.961 7166.193 6417.537 6584.919 5788.587 7106.867 6478.441 4945.244 
#>       73       74       75       76       77       78       79       80 
#> 4720.702 5969.793 6776.512 6825.743 6467.491 5401.580 5291.916 6058.456 
#>       81       82       83       84       85       86       87       88 
#> 5960.974 5662.433 7254.471 7000.237 7692.378 5039.460 6057.840 6331.362 
#>       89       90       91       92       93       94       95       96 
#> 6532.205 5538.184 5749.854 7334.872 6434.210 6442.079 5618.349 7410.285 
#>       97       98       99      100      101      102      103      104 
#> 5891.992 6688.047 7174.997 5234.916 5729.762 7843.111 6855.171 6811.118 
#>      105      106      107      108      109      110      111      112 
#> 5805.968 6535.212 5729.227 6194.901 5697.342 7666.604 6222.894 6451.290 
#>      113      114      115      116      117      118      119      120 
#> 7328.785 7098.303 6081.005 6725.354 6567.422 6935.756 6410.174 7128.479 
#>      121      122      123      124      125      126      127      128 
#> 6715.371 6660.228 5197.764 6106.589 7344.590 7526.230 6279.533 5559.357 
#>      129      130      131      132      133      134      135      136 
#> 7033.286 6542.692 7144.951 7685.140 6446.983 6501.323 7291.124 6796.924 
#>      137      138      139      140      141      142      143      144 
#> 7385.154 8119.350 5659.128 5534.587 7661.700 7252.737 5721.102 5441.864 
#>      145      146      147      148      149      150      151      152 
#> 6767.296 5303.049 7127.611 5868.182 6265.856 7428.265 5928.060 6519.315 
#>      153      154      155      156      157      158      159      160 
#> 6212.102 6619.222 6161.753 6646.573 6267.180 5697.635 7634.741 7476.451 
#>      161      162      163      164      165      166      167      168 
#> 6368.692 7718.742 6548.494 7614.872 7199.461 6022.501 6292.890 7695.434 
#>      169      170      171      172      173      174      175      176 
#> 7391.428 6960.239 6813.179 7781.359 6785.648 7620.418 6547.261 6510.296 
#>      177      178      179      180      181      182      183      184 
#> 6435.727 6062.403 7265.656 5537.013 5569.140 5759.934 5044.076 7994.875 
#>      185      186      187      188      189      190      191      192 
#> 5238.464 7685.679 6051.276 4877.087 6937.267 7232.846 6657.324 5865.098 
#>      193      194      195      196      197      198      199      200 
#> 5689.028 6284.553 6422.299 6848.322 8412.144 5953.606 5330.208 6794.527 
#>      201      202      203      204      205      206      207      208 
#> 6125.811 6001.644 6578.588 6495.348 5966.723 7775.976 4944.345 5885.834 
#>      209      210      211      212      213      214      215      216 
#> 7648.779 5357.603 6869.724 6066.624 6030.433 7593.993 7683.360 7457.460 
#>      217      218      219      220      221      222      223      224 
#> 5868.477 7586.109 7170.624 6687.964 5437.511 6393.324 6109.968 5763.697 
#>      225      226      227      228      229      230      231      232 
#> 8206.366 5924.408 6295.905 5746.729 5995.474 7565.798 7136.765 7477.150 
#>      233      234      235      236      237      238      239      240 
#> 8362.617 6904.169 6184.111 7320.046 5929.559 5632.414 6441.408 6765.401 
#>      241      242      243      244      245      246      247      248 
#> 5889.105 7862.103 6099.654 4991.337 6841.235 7193.836 6544.202 5532.230 
#>      249      250      251      252      253      254      255      256 
#> 7048.373 5667.930 5574.095 7211.219 6317.915 6521.687 7126.394 5619.901 
#>      257      258      259      260      261      262      263      264 
#> 6035.829 5399.919 5788.256 7449.717 4060.268 6318.630 5604.818 8676.259 
#>      265      266      267      268      269      270      271      272 
#> 6302.037 4934.697 6786.365 6876.233 6826.034 5631.543 7322.045 7413.243 
#>      273      274      275      276      277      278      279      280 
#> 5908.308 7019.507 6412.924 8025.616 6798.272 7587.134 7390.018 7090.875 
#>      281      282      283      284      285      286      287      288 
#> 7157.391 5334.951 5626.114 6540.264 7904.521 6717.025 6528.334 4869.434 
#>      289      290      291      292      293      294      295      296 
#> 5814.451 5573.749 6389.860 6575.074 5782.319 7572.580 5881.327 5919.935 
#>      297      298      299      300      301      302      303      304 
#> 6487.915 6136.456 6568.070 6922.463 8126.692 6806.425 8275.516 6029.596 
#>      305      306      307      308      309      310      311      312 
#> 6301.706 7270.884 5913.753 8218.546 6725.495 5826.919 5299.917 6984.101 
#>      313      314      315      316      317      318      319      320 
#> 6931.458 7184.770 5799.327 5533.412 6236.289 5136.554 7434.008 6420.101 
#>      321      322      323      324      325      326      327      328 
#> 8552.462 5930.935 6086.786 6241.706 7713.042 6793.976 5456.381 6108.054 
#>      329      330      331      332      333      334      335      336 
#> 6699.341 5963.251 7516.234 5827.800 7132.718 6369.051 7277.840 6315.533 
#>      337      338      339      340      341      342      343      344 
#> 7098.126 6827.736 7213.580 7255.797 6293.986 6472.462 6062.911 7218.634 
#>      345      346      347      348      349      350      351      352 
#> 6052.513 5240.996 6712.572 7926.542 7083.821 6124.678 7976.134 6668.810 
#>      353      354      355      356      357      358      359      360 
#> 7552.130 7848.743 7133.763 9020.163 5908.280 6626.493 6319.336 6948.762 
#>      361      362      363      364      365      366      367      368 
#> 7078.781 6995.973 6159.789 6675.732 7896.857 8560.822 6594.962 5359.732 
#>      369      370      371      372      373      374      375      376 
#> 5783.347 5743.286 6177.017 5877.047 6465.341 6166.324 6625.031 5166.195 
#>      377      378      379      380      381      382      383      384 
#> 5824.943 6956.254 6849.930 7455.865 7243.500 6295.138 7592.910 6616.748 
#>      385      386      387      388      389      390      391      392 
#> 5682.624 7245.582 6006.397 8471.902 6997.524 5374.284 7173.292 6775.784 
#>      393      394      395      396      397      398      399      400 
#> 6637.279 8399.570 6992.324 6014.283 6989.581 6563.432 6744.687 6832.647 
#>      401      402      403      404      405      406      407      408 
#> 7358.311 6817.467 7658.621 7688.747 7440.909 7909.164 5871.422 8839.278 
#>      409      410      411      412      413      414      415      416 
#> 6035.326 6353.896 5808.010 8124.111 5941.151 7053.657 6855.814 6185.920 
#>      417      418      419      420      421      422      423      424 
#> 7051.917 6129.481 6955.991 6836.320 5934.141 7242.391 6809.946 6087.901 
#>      425      426      427      428      429      430      431      432 
#> 5476.632 6657.740 7508.467 7582.255 6254.440 6962.778 6563.426 6863.976 
#>      433      434      435      436      437      438      439      440 
#> 6787.891 7246.169 8053.271 6415.865 7353.807 6995.639 6991.630 6257.776 
#>      441      442      443      444      445      446      447      448 
#> 8767.427 6578.275 5053.169 6722.696 6067.139 6102.534 6096.265 7631.003 
#>      449      450      451      452      453      454      455      456 
#> 5158.090 7813.609 6204.944 5419.874 6060.528 6749.025 5475.222 5966.580 
#>      457      458      459      460      461      462      463      464 
#> 7924.950 6682.756 6170.653 8090.692 5766.812 7326.426 5729.922 5988.583 
#>      465      466      467      468      469      470      471      472 
#> 5528.841 6270.466 7375.933 6021.984 6359.143 6046.785 6968.952 6910.191 
#>      473      474      475      476      477      478      479      480 
#> 8053.836 7046.044 6049.573 7556.126 6732.662 7747.697 8133.011 7220.327 
#>      481      482      483      484      485      486      487      488 
#> 6902.956 5611.027 7205.584 6708.607 6564.488 5276.263 6527.790 5793.178 
#>      489      490      491      492      493      494      495      496 
#> 5395.177 8686.422 7248.430 7634.542 6985.081 5619.762 5407.764 6601.611 
#>      497      498      499      500 
#> 6568.168 6719.200 6607.351 6555.875 
predict(lm_beta_x, model_type = "raw")
#>        1        2        3        4        5        6        7        8 
#> 6421.680 6530.429 6487.252 6107.743 6284.481 5153.358 6662.658 7827.410 
#>        9       10       11       12       13       14       15       16 
#> 7029.198 8156.635 6019.411 5574.344 6180.277 7010.803 4963.590 6059.476 
#>       17       18       19       20       21       22       23       24 
#> 7239.020 6698.976 6764.336 5353.118 7577.253 7719.758 6576.826 8237.401 
#>       25       26       27       28       29       30       31       32 
#> 8200.935 7931.369 6569.994 6882.033 8267.304 7128.476 5959.531 6920.342 
#>       33       34       35       36       37       38       39       40 
#> 5887.038 6007.579 5586.136 6880.800 5452.636 7665.795 6564.230 6089.381 
#>       41       42       43       44       45       46       47       48 
#> 7046.119 5101.476 6404.048 6188.349 6429.859 7628.757 7847.636 6881.857 
#>       49       50       51       52       53       54       55       56 
#> 6592.794 7275.835 6087.745 6132.776 6378.544 6454.268 5449.982 7631.170 
#>       57       58       59       60       61       62       63       64 
#> 6713.771 6819.890 7710.031 6261.576 5468.773 5283.316 6904.287 5694.848 
#>       65       66       67       68       69       70       71       72 
#> 5338.961 7166.193 6417.537 6584.919 5788.587 7106.867 6478.441 4945.244 
#>       73       74       75       76       77       78       79       80 
#> 4720.702 5969.793 6776.512 6825.743 6467.491 5401.580 5291.916 6058.456 
#>       81       82       83       84       85       86       87       88 
#> 5960.974 5662.433 7254.471 7000.237 7692.378 5039.460 6057.840 6331.362 
#>       89       90       91       92       93       94       95       96 
#> 6532.205 5538.184 5749.854 7334.872 6434.210 6442.079 5618.349 7410.285 
#>       97       98       99      100      101      102      103      104 
#> 5891.992 6688.047 7174.997 5234.916 5729.762 7843.111 6855.171 6811.118 
#>      105      106      107      108      109      110      111      112 
#> 5805.968 6535.212 5729.227 6194.901 5697.342 7666.604 6222.894 6451.290 
#>      113      114      115      116      117      118      119      120 
#> 7328.785 7098.303 6081.005 6725.354 6567.422 6935.756 6410.174 7128.479 
#>      121      122      123      124      125      126      127      128 
#> 6715.371 6660.228 5197.764 6106.589 7344.590 7526.230 6279.533 5559.357 
#>      129      130      131      132      133      134      135      136 
#> 7033.286 6542.692 7144.951 7685.140 6446.983 6501.323 7291.124 6796.924 
#>      137      138      139      140      141      142      143      144 
#> 7385.154 8119.350 5659.128 5534.587 7661.700 7252.737 5721.102 5441.864 
#>      145      146      147      148      149      150      151      152 
#> 6767.296 5303.049 7127.611 5868.182 6265.856 7428.265 5928.060 6519.315 
#>      153      154      155      156      157      158      159      160 
#> 6212.102 6619.222 6161.753 6646.573 6267.180 5697.635 7634.741 7476.451 
#>      161      162      163      164      165      166      167      168 
#> 6368.692 7718.742 6548.494 7614.872 7199.461 6022.501 6292.890 7695.434 
#>      169      170      171      172      173      174      175      176 
#> 7391.428 6960.239 6813.179 7781.359 6785.648 7620.418 6547.261 6510.296 
#>      177      178      179      180      181      182      183      184 
#> 6435.727 6062.403 7265.656 5537.013 5569.140 5759.934 5044.076 7994.875 
#>      185      186      187      188      189      190      191      192 
#> 5238.464 7685.679 6051.276 4877.087 6937.267 7232.846 6657.324 5865.098 
#>      193      194      195      196      197      198      199      200 
#> 5689.028 6284.553 6422.299 6848.322 8412.144 5953.606 5330.208 6794.527 
#>      201      202      203      204      205      206      207      208 
#> 6125.811 6001.644 6578.588 6495.348 5966.723 7775.976 4944.345 5885.834 
#>      209      210      211      212      213      214      215      216 
#> 7648.779 5357.603 6869.724 6066.624 6030.433 7593.993 7683.360 7457.460 
#>      217      218      219      220      221      222      223      224 
#> 5868.477 7586.109 7170.624 6687.964 5437.511 6393.324 6109.968 5763.697 
#>      225      226      227      228      229      230      231      232 
#> 8206.366 5924.408 6295.905 5746.729 5995.474 7565.798 7136.765 7477.150 
#>      233      234      235      236      237      238      239      240 
#> 8362.617 6904.169 6184.111 7320.046 5929.559 5632.414 6441.408 6765.401 
#>      241      242      243      244      245      246      247      248 
#> 5889.105 7862.103 6099.654 4991.337 6841.235 7193.836 6544.202 5532.230 
#>      249      250      251      252      253      254      255      256 
#> 7048.373 5667.930 5574.095 7211.219 6317.915 6521.687 7126.394 5619.901 
#>      257      258      259      260      261      262      263      264 
#> 6035.829 5399.919 5788.256 7449.717 4060.268 6318.630 5604.818 8676.259 
#>      265      266      267      268      269      270      271      272 
#> 6302.037 4934.697 6786.365 6876.233 6826.034 5631.543 7322.045 7413.243 
#>      273      274      275      276      277      278      279      280 
#> 5908.308 7019.507 6412.924 8025.616 6798.272 7587.134 7390.018 7090.875 
#>      281      282      283      284      285      286      287      288 
#> 7157.391 5334.951 5626.114 6540.264 7904.521 6717.025 6528.334 4869.434 
#>      289      290      291      292      293      294      295      296 
#> 5814.451 5573.749 6389.860 6575.074 5782.319 7572.580 5881.327 5919.935 
#>      297      298      299      300      301      302      303      304 
#> 6487.915 6136.456 6568.070 6922.463 8126.692 6806.425 8275.516 6029.596 
#>      305      306      307      308      309      310      311      312 
#> 6301.706 7270.884 5913.753 8218.546 6725.495 5826.919 5299.917 6984.101 
#>      313      314      315      316      317      318      319      320 
#> 6931.458 7184.770 5799.327 5533.412 6236.289 5136.554 7434.008 6420.101 
#>      321      322      323      324      325      326      327      328 
#> 8552.462 5930.935 6086.786 6241.706 7713.042 6793.976 5456.381 6108.054 
#>      329      330      331      332      333      334      335      336 
#> 6699.341 5963.251 7516.234 5827.800 7132.718 6369.051 7277.840 6315.533 
#>      337      338      339      340      341      342      343      344 
#> 7098.126 6827.736 7213.580 7255.797 6293.986 6472.462 6062.911 7218.634 
#>      345      346      347      348      349      350      351      352 
#> 6052.513 5240.996 6712.572 7926.542 7083.821 6124.678 7976.134 6668.810 
#>      353      354      355      356      357      358      359      360 
#> 7552.130 7848.743 7133.763 9020.163 5908.280 6626.493 6319.336 6948.762 
#>      361      362      363      364      365      366      367      368 
#> 7078.781 6995.973 6159.789 6675.732 7896.857 8560.822 6594.962 5359.732 
#>      369      370      371      372      373      374      375      376 
#> 5783.347 5743.286 6177.017 5877.047 6465.341 6166.324 6625.031 5166.195 
#>      377      378      379      380      381      382      383      384 
#> 5824.943 6956.254 6849.930 7455.865 7243.500 6295.138 7592.910 6616.748 
#>      385      386      387      388      389      390      391      392 
#> 5682.624 7245.582 6006.397 8471.902 6997.524 5374.284 7173.292 6775.784 
#>      393      394      395      396      397      398      399      400 
#> 6637.279 8399.570 6992.324 6014.283 6989.581 6563.432 6744.687 6832.647 
#>      401      402      403      404      405      406      407      408 
#> 7358.311 6817.467 7658.621 7688.747 7440.909 7909.164 5871.422 8839.278 
#>      409      410      411      412      413      414      415      416 
#> 6035.326 6353.896 5808.010 8124.111 5941.151 7053.657 6855.814 6185.920 
#>      417      418      419      420      421      422      423      424 
#> 7051.917 6129.481 6955.991 6836.320 5934.141 7242.391 6809.946 6087.901 
#>      425      426      427      428      429      430      431      432 
#> 5476.632 6657.740 7508.467 7582.255 6254.440 6962.778 6563.426 6863.976 
#>      433      434      435      436      437      438      439      440 
#> 6787.891 7246.169 8053.271 6415.865 7353.807 6995.639 6991.630 6257.776 
#>      441      442      443      444      445      446      447      448 
#> 8767.427 6578.275 5053.169 6722.696 6067.139 6102.534 6096.265 7631.003 
#>      449      450      451      452      453      454      455      456 
#> 5158.090 7813.609 6204.944 5419.874 6060.528 6749.025 5475.222 5966.580 
#>      457      458      459      460      461      462      463      464 
#> 7924.950 6682.756 6170.653 8090.692 5766.812 7326.426 5729.922 5988.583 
#>      465      466      467      468      469      470      471      472 
#> 5528.841 6270.466 7375.933 6021.984 6359.143 6046.785 6968.952 6910.191 
#>      473      474      475      476      477      478      479      480 
#> 8053.836 7046.044 6049.573 7556.126 6732.662 7747.697 8133.011 7220.327 
#>      481      482      483      484      485      486      487      488 
#> 6902.956 5611.027 7205.584 6708.607 6564.488 5276.263 6527.790 5793.178 
#>      489      490      491      492      493      494      495      496 
#> 5395.177 8686.422 7248.430 7634.542 6985.081 5619.762 5407.764 6601.611 
#>      497      498      499      500 
#> 6568.168 6719.200 6607.351 6555.875